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Formulaic language (previously known as automatic speech or embolalia) is a linguistic term for verbal expressions that are fixed in form, often non-literal in meaning with attitudinal nuances, and closely related to communicative-pragmatic context. Along with idioms, expletives and proverbs, formulaic language includes pause fillers (e.g., “Like,” “Er” or “Uhm”) and conversational speech formulas (e.g., “You’ve got to be kidding,” “Excuse me?” or “Hang on a minute”). == Background == The word embolalia comes from the Greek word ''embolos'' which means 'something thrown in', from the word ''emballo-'' meaning 'to throw in',〔(Mondofacto - Etymology of embolia )〕 and ''-lalia'' meaning 'speech, chattering and babbling; abnormal or disordered form of speech.〔(Wordinfo - Definition of embolalia )〕 Modern linguists led by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 call these "hesitation forms"—the sounds of stammering (uh), stuttering (um, um), throat-clearing (ahem!), stalling (well, um, that is), interjected when the speaker is groping for words or at a loss for the next thought. French psychiatrist Jules Séglas, on the other hand, referred to the term embolalia, as "the regular addition of prefixes or suffixes to words", and mentioned that the behavior is sometimes used by normal individuals to demonstrate to their interlocutor that they are paying attention to the conversation. Harry Levin and Irene Silverman called formulaic language ''"vocal segregates"'' in their 1965 paper on hesitation phenomena and found out from their experiments on children that these segregates seem to be less voluntary hesitation phenomena and may be signs of uncontrolled emotionality under stress. The Irish poet William Butler Yeats argued for formulaic language experiments with his wife, which provided him with symbols for his poetry as well as literary theories.〔(An Overview of Yeats ''A Vision'' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Formulaic language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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